Heaven and Earth

It had been an awful winter for astronomy. This was the first night out for Mina and me this year. We arrived at Willow Springs at 3pm and met a local land owner who is selling parcels, and spent three hours looking at land. I'm told there are neighbors who grow organic food - vegetables and herbs, a local nudist, and a few parcels owned by Buddhists. Nudists, Foodists and Buddhists. Hmmm. Anyway, the area looked good, some great places out there, and who knows what might develop. The photo is a view of the peaks where the land is located, looking mostly northwest.

Afterward we set up at Deep Sky Ranch, and were soon joined by Marko Johnston, Richard Navarrete, and finally, Steve Gottlieb. The night turned out to be okay, but not great. I'll take it for a first night out. The sky seemed kind of bright, the SQM reading I overheard seemed to confirm it. Transparency came and went, as did the seeing. In the best moments it was great, in the worst, things I'd expect to be able to see were invisible. One thing I was curios about was Steve's experience observing with Barbarella, Jimi Lowery's 48" telescope near Fort Davis Texas... he promised to post an observing report, which I now see he did.

The night started out with Steve showing a recent supernova. It was very bright, looking much more like a field star than anything I'd take for a supernova. Nice find Steve. In the distance during the night, I could hear Marko taking notes on his recorder. Familiar. Next to me, Richard was observing Hicksons. I spent the night going over a grab-bag of objects, and trying to see the Hicksons in Richard's scope. Marko would join Richard and I picking out Hicksons. Some are quite easy, as the joke goes. Some are a bear. Maybe Richard will comment on them. Steve was busy as usual, observing challenging targets. I asked what was on his list, and he mentioned dwarf galaxies. It sounded so politically incorrect, I asked, and we determined that they should be reclassified as "size differenced" - but that giant galaxies would probably prefer to keep their size classification as is. So, don't call them dwarfs.

Other notable occurrences during the night were various amorous livestock in the area, and temperatures that dropped to 32F leaving ice on car roofs. Next morning we drove out and headed east, instead of the usual way home. The drive back through the Panoche Valley on J1 was desolate beauty . We drove past Mercy Hot Springs, and DARC, which I hear is the new 2nd home of one of our top local imagers. This is a good area for astronomy as all there is there, is - heaven and earth (tenchinage) - I've fallen for it again, and, it was a good, again. A new observing season... just getting out under open dark skies, is good.

Here are my notes. All descriptions are with 18" f/4.5 Obsession, and 7mm Nagler, unless otherwise noted. All images are click-able...


Arp 104 UMa GX 2.9'x1.6' 12.3 13 32 10 62 45 53
Arp 104 UMa GX 2.4'x1.8' 13.6P 13 32 07 62 42 01

NGC 5218 is disrupted, and has swirling arms. Bright bar of a core. NGC 5216 is dimmer, smaller, rounder and has a very compact nearly stellar core.











Arp 238 UMa GX 0.9'x0.7' 14.4 13 15 29 62 07 27
Arp 238 UMa GX 1.0'x0.6' 15.3 13 15 35 62 07 27

With concentration there are two dim galaxies oriented E/W, with brighter galaxy trailing, and has at times a small stellar nucleus. Other galaxy is round and smaller. The two galaxies can be mistaken for haze around stars, as there are a pair to their N with equal separation (and brightness) that are collinear with the galaxies.









N5308 Uma GX 3.7'x0.6' 12.3B 13 47 00 60 58 23

Nice very elongated galaxy SSW/NNE. Somewhat of a bright small round core, with stellar pinpoint nucleus popping in. Disk gradually thins beyond the core, with possible dark lane. Striking galaxy.












NGC 5322 Boo GX 5.9'x3.8' 11.1B 13 49 14 60 11 26

Bright compact core is small and quickly transitions to a slightly dimmer disk, which then dims quickly into large fading oval. Fairly large galaxy is elongated but dominated by the bright core, which makes the rest of the object appear dimmer than it really is. Stars overlay the galaxy on the s and e sides. Nice view!









N5430 Uma GX 2.2'x1.1' 12.7P 14 00 45 59 19 43

No find! Too bad :-(
















AGC 1767 UMa GXCL 20.7' 15.7 13 36.00 59 12 00

Too dim for the night.















N5204 UMa GX 5.0'x3.0' 11.7B 13 29 36 58 25 09

Large elongated moderately bright galaxy with large roundish core that is even, losing brightness at the edge of the core through the elongation. Possibly mottled.












HGC066A UMa GX5 0.5'x0.4' 15.8B 13 38 38 57 18 44

One component just detectable, but barely. Sky is bright. No real detail, just a small oval dim glow.














N5585 Uma GX 6.1'x3.8' 11.2B 14 19 47 56 43 45

Large and obvious in 12mm, galaxy has elongated large core that could almost be a bright bar. Dim area around core hints at several long spiral arms. Close inspection shows core to be set asymetrically, with most of the arm structure toward the brightest nearby star.











NGC 5631 Uma GX 1.7' 12.4B 14 26 33 56 35 01

Small dim oval pointing away from nearby dim star. No detail.















N5443 Uma GX 3.2'x1.2' 13.1P 14 02 11 55 48 56

Dim lumpy bumpy elongated galaxy full of dark intrusions and disturbed appearance, Oriented E/W, there is a knot in the w side close to the core, compared to knot in E side, which is further from core. Dark intrusions both sides of core.












Arp 239 UMa GX 0.7'x0.4' 15.0 13 41 43 55 40 23

Dim, two main galaxies NGC 5278 and 5279, just break apart with black space between.

10 10 10! A fine night at Willow Springs.

Sunday afternoon, Richard Navarrete, Marko Johnston, Mina Reyes and I all met at Willow Springs for what would be an excellent night of observing. Between us, there were three 18" Dobs, and a pair of 20x80 Celestron Giant Binoculars on a parallelogram mount. Conditions were warm, requiring no more than a few light layers of clothing, and although the SQM readings were average for our location, they were better than conditions reported from other sites the prior nights. To our west there was some brightening over the hills, in the direction of Hollister, but overhead, we were going deep, and enjoying hunting challenging targets in the early fall skies. To the north, Comet Hartley 2 was on the verge of naked eye visibility. Over the night, Mina was doing quick sketches of the comet's position every 45 minutes or so, and you could easy follow its rapid motion against the background stars.

The night was very pleasant, with everyone sharing views, taking time to chat, joke, have a few drinks, and relax with each others company. The way it should be! Among the most interesting views were Abell 85 in Marko's scope, and several Hicksons in Richard's... of which I thought Hickson 16 was amazing, and could rival Hickson 68 for best in class!

I had created an Excel with about 100 targets to choose from, in a swath of sky a degree wide centered on RA 23:29. I began in the north, and as usual, never got much further south than zenith. Its just too much fun teasing out detail - in some cases, just teasing out anything at all!

I don't know what time we called it a night, but it must have been between 2:30 and 3:00 a.m. As I lay in my truck, in bed, door open to the south... I fell asleep watching Orion climbing high in the sky to the south. I don't think I'd been to Willow Springs since maybe June - this was a great return.

Big thanks to Kevin Ritschel, whom I was very pleased to see again. A big red coming your way next time I visit.... thank you so much for the hospitality... your guests give you all 10's.

Here are the targets I viewed, and brief notes:


N 7762 Cep OC 11 23 50 01 +68 02 18

18" 20mm - 25 stars of similar (tier 1) magnitude in three distinct chains, largest one running E/W for about 13', next largest running S of the E end of the long one for about 8' and the shortest one between the other two running NW/SE for only 2' and having only 4 stars. Rest of cluster is dim background comprising of a distinct haze.











Sh 2-155 BN 60 2 22 56 43 +62 37 04

18" 20mm - three bright stars are embedded in nebulosity. SAO 20334, SAO 20335 and SAO 20332. Ultrablock helps show mottling throughout the area.. Nebulosity is most distinct on the W or "inside" of the curve of the three stars.












Sh 2-165 BN 10 2 23 39 48 +61 56 15

18" 29mm - Ultrablock reveals a distinct small bright glow around GSC 4284:722 - along with dim nebulosity located tightly to the NW of the star, and extending more dimly away to the S and a bit to the SE.













Sh 2-161 BN 55 2 23 15 29 +61 51 43

18" 20mm - Ultrablock shows very slight glow between SAO 19274, GSC 4252:370 and GSC 4248:909 with "brightest" area near GSC 4248:909.














M052 CAS OC 13 8 23 24 12 +61 35 00 NGC 7654

18" 20mm - bright, distinct cluster about 20' diameter - 1 very bright star near edge of cluster, about 20 bright (tier 1) stars embedded in estimated 50 dimmer (tier 2) stars. Dim glow of many more stars is throughout cluster.












Sh 2-158 BN 10 3 23 13 39 +61 30 40 N7538

18" 7mm - pair of "bright(er)" stars, (actually three), with dark lane to their W in an obvious glow surrounding the stars. Brightest section is S of the stars. Lower section (N of the stars) the glow is obviously mottled. Nice find!













Sh 2-162 BN 40 3 23 20 41 +61 11 52 N7635 = Bubble Nebula

18" 7mm - surrounds mag 8.7 star SAO 20575 - is mottled extending W with an E/W split showing a dark lane. Brightest section of nebulosity SW of star, to NE is an arc with a hard edge.













N 7419 Cep OC 2 22 54 20 +60 48 55

18" 12mm - nice compact cluster consisting of 1 very bright (tier 1) star, two dimmer (tier 2), and 19 dim ones, at the end of a nice chain of three stars in diminishing magnitude leading to the cluster. Very attractive at 193x.













NGC 7510 Cep OC 2 7.9 23 11 30 +60 34 00

18" 20mm - nice spray of stars in three chains coming off a mag 9.6 star, and all extending W. Very compact and distinctive.















Sh 2-157 BN 90 3 23 16 03 +60 02 44 18"

12mm - dim glow around GSC 4263:2102 and extending toward a distinct chain of stars to the east. Filters do not help. Distinct but very dim.















Abell 82 Cas PN 94" 12.7 23 45 47 +57 03 59 PK 114-4.1 = PN G114.0-04.6

18" 12mm - OIII filter. Dim, round, possibly annular. At least two stars involved, one bright. Bright star is possible central star. Appears mottled.













Abell 83 Cas PN 42"x37" 15.5 23 46 46 +54 44 38 PK 113-6.1 = PN G113.6-06.9

18" 12mm - OIII filter. Very dim, about 7'x3' E/W. Even brightness, possibly crescent and open to the north.














Abell 84 Cas PN 147"x114" 13 23 47 44 +51 23 56 PK 112-10.1 = PN G112.9-10.2

18" 12mm - OIII filter. Obvious oval glow that includes a bright star. Star makes nebula appear uneven in brightness, may be an optical illusion, but very noticeable. Nebula may be 2x as large as it seems around star, extending away from the star as a large oval with uneven brightness.











NGC 7686 And OC 7.4 5.6 23 30 60 +49 08 00

18" 20mm - large coarse cluster with wide range of star magnitudes. Dominated by brightest star in center of group. Wiggling the scope creates excellent "Mexican Jumping Star" effect. Perhaps 8'x10' in size.













NGC 7662 And PN 32x23 9 23 25 54 +42 33 00

18" 7mm - OIII filter. Distinct torus in center is dark. No central star. Torus surrounded by very bright glowing ring, which is immediately surrounded by a dimmer ring of equal thickness. This "inner" section is elongated generally E/W. Surrounding inner section is a large and dim "change in contrast" envelope extending in a mostly N/S elongation.










N 7640 And GX 10.5x2.0 11.3 23 22 06 +40 50 44

18" 12mm - large elongated galaxy with slightly brighter core and mostly even surface brightness. Some variation seems to indicate slighter brightening on NE half. Star embedded just off S of the central region appears to bifurcate galaxy, but this is illusion.











N7445/46/49 And Trio 4 14.6:14.4:14.0 22 59 42 +39 06 00

18" 7mm - trio shows readily at this magnification. NGC 7449 seems mostly round but perhaps a bit of elongation. NGC 7446 about equal in brightness and shape to 7449. NGC 7445 is noticeably dimmer, and shows elongation.












Arp 86 GX 3.3'x2.1' 12 23 47 04 +29 29 00 NGC 7753

18" 7mm - this NGC is listed as nonexistent, but NGC 7549 found at location. First seen though were NGC 7550 to its S and NGC 7457 to NGC 7550's W. Finally, after seeing NGC 7549, CGCG 454-15 appeared.












All astrophotos from Digital Sky Survey except NGC 7662 credit Adam Block and Orion by Hubblesite. Mina Reyes photo by Guillermo Moran.

Friendly Skies

A group of six observers spent three nights at Mount Lassen this last new moon. We went during the week, with our last night August 12th, the peak night for the Perseid Meteor Shower. We stayed in a cabin, in Mineral, a few miles outside the park's southwest entrance.

I always marvel at the views of the park entering from the southwest. In past years, camping, the group would stay at Lost Creek Group Campground, or Summit Lake South. Both are great places from which to enjoy the park. We'd enter through the north, via the Manzanita Lake entrance. From there, you get to see some nice lakes, and views of the volcanic peak, however - the views entering the park from Mineral show the amazing display of the color and form that the geothermal and glacial activates have sculpted into the landscape. It is among my favorite drives in California. I also think it is no more driving time back from our observing site at Bumpass Hell Parking lot, to Mineral, than back to Lost Creek Campground, and only slightly longer than to Summit Lakes. The conveniences of having a cabin to relax/recover in during the day cannot be overstated.














Our first night was a cloud-out. This was not a problem, as several of the attendees has just come from other outdoor activies, including backpacking at Yosemite and several nights teaching astronomy at a camp in the Sierra. Getting a good night's sleep on arrival, with the prospect of two clear nights following, was a welcome idea. The second day we all went on a hike, 3.6 miles round trip, to Bumpass Hell. There was still some snow on the trail in places, but the hike was easy and spectacular. Views of the peaks forming the ancient Mt. Brokeoff (Mt. Tehama) volcano, followed by the amazing geothermal pools, steam vents and mud pots, was great fun. Easy hike, and highly recommended. That night we drove out, at 7pm, to the parking lot at Bumpass Hell. The site is over 8200 feet elevation, and looks out over the jagged peaks of that formed Mt. Brokeoff. It is a magical place at sunset, when the deep blue sky glows neon against the jagged silhouettes of the
surrounding peaks. In the east, the division between night and day (Belt of Venus) rose - a band of crimson between the blue of day and darkening gray-to-black of night. Some of us busied ourselves setting up gear, others sat quietly in chairs watching the show unfold. The second night, the night of the Perseids, was the best, as a one day old moon hung low over Mt. Brokeoff in the west, with bright Venus directly above it, Mars close to its east, and Saturn just a bit further to its west. Night was sweeping over us from the east.

And then the stars came out.

The stars at Lassen are incomparable. I didn't do a limiting magnitude count, but two occurrences testify to the darkness and transparency of the place. Looking down, we could not see our feet. Faces were featureless with only our heads and upper bodies visible against the ambient light. As telling was that charts Steve Gottlieb printed out for potential observing targets, were not deep enough. Mag 16 galaxies were not a challenge. Looking up, the dark lanes in and around the Milky Way beginning in Sagittarius, up through Aquila's "Off Ramp", bordering the star clouds of Cygnus and into the Northern Coal Sack, were black and detailed, with tendrils winding out and disappearing into the surrounding star fields. Since this was the peak of the Perseids, everyone took time to just look up, which provided ample time to marvel at the broad unaided views. This is truly a place where words are inadequate - by day and by night.

As for the Perseids, they showed up, but it was not a big show. Of course I am jaded, having witnessed the Leonid Meteor Storm several years back, but even so, I'd estimate the maximum hourly count was about half this year of what one might wish for.

We observed those two nights until I think close to 3 a.m. We all had special projects. I prepared by downloading (this sounds crazy, but look at the hobby we have!) close to 200 pdf files from Paul Alsing's web-space. Of those, I winnowed the list down to 38 targets, with Steve's help. The last night, I narrowed it down to 13 remaining. Many were difficult and exotic objects, but the great skies allowed me to find and observe everything I looked for.

A big thanks for those friend who attended, for making it such a nice. Richard Navarrete, who booked the cabin, Steve Gottlieb, Ray Cash, Ken Archuleta, and, her first time to Lassen - Mina Reyes.

They were indeed, friendly skies.


Here are the objects I observed, and my notes, all with an 18" f/4.5 Dobsonian.

Abell 55
12mm UHC - obvious although dim. Suspected annular with slight E/W elongation.

Abell 62
12mm UHC - very dim, large, round, with dim central star. Many stars embedded around circumference, glowing. More pronounced glow along southwest edge. Estimate 5' diameter.

Abell 64
7mm no filter - very dim, elongated E/W with possible curve outward to S. Even brightness across object.

Abell 65
12mm - even round glow, no detail. Responds to filters but not a great difference.

NGC 6751
7mm w/UHC - small, round, bright, mottled. With 4.8 Nagler object is transformed - concentric rings around a small torus, and dim central star.

NGC 6772
4.8mm dim, round, even surface brightness across object, fairly sharply defined edges, possible very slight annularity.'

NGC 6778
4.8mm - bright, squashed and rectangular appearance. Central star is just brighter than disk. Dark intrusion into disk gives sense of slight annularity. 1.8x1 ratio.

NGC 6781
7mm - large, bright, round, soft edges, somewhat annular, direct vision easily, about 2' diameter. Filters do not help much.

NGC 6804
4.8mm - large, faint, mottled, very dim central star, other stars seem embedded in shell, sharp edges.

Parsamian 21
4.8mm - dim star on north end of slightly expanding fan of comet shape extending south, appears brighter on western edge. Filter did not help.

Palomar 11
12mm - dim haze with several members resolved. Bright star close by to the north, dimmer but obvious pair equally close to the northeast. No problem seeing this target. 7mm - fairly even glow, round, several dim stars resolve especially near the southern edge.

DWB 111 - Propeller
20mm H-Beta - v shape of stars with double at vertex. Propeller goes from top of V to top of V, most pronounced at the top of both chains in the V shape. Some nebula also shows dipping "down" toward V at the vertex.

Gyulbudaghiam 98-171
7mm no filter. Appears to be a cometary reflection nebula extending ENE from a medium bright field star. Surrounds the star and spreads widely away from it. Dim star embedded in the end of the tail, possible knot about mid-point along the object's major axis.

Sh2-106
12mm UHC - dim star with averted glow surrounding. Glow appears mottled, but has a tight round glow with the star offset slightly to the E, embedded in a larger oval halo extending W. Also in field is long streaky sections of nebulosity extending NW/SE and most pronounced involving stars to the SE, and to their north.

Sh2-112
20mm UHC - dim star but brightest in field, embedded in dim but obvious glow extending in fan shape NE and S, with dark intrusions. Nebula has sharp edge along the NE section. Other areas of nebulosity are throughout the region, especially pronounced to the E over 40', dark lanes are clear. Very easy location close to Deneb.

Sh2-91
20mm - OIII - nice supernova remnant strip, arcing SW/NE around a bright easy to locate star just off Alberio in Cygnus. Brightest section is due S of the star, strip is quite long, over 40'. Check to see if there is a second strip paralleling the one observed, as there are hints of it in the field.

Sh2-101
20mm - OIII - very nice large swath of HII with bright stars embedded at opposite ends, including some doubles. Bright single star is at N end of object, two pronounced arcs of nebulosity extend south along the E and W edges, with a faintly nebulous center. This is an oval, with two pair of stars embedded in the S end, where nebulosity is its most obvious. The southern part is actually a large knot of nebulosity with the pairs of doubles clearly embedded. Shell is least obvious to the east, and also seems to have some nebulosity extending further SE from the S edge.

Simeis 3-210
20mm - OIII - long strand of nebulosity that is probably an outlying section of the Veil Nebula. Confused at first with the 52 Cygni section of the Veil due to the embedded star in this target. Strand extends SE/NW and crosses entire length of 20 Nagler - 47'. View was dim, but direct vision.

WR 134
20mm - OIII - very distinct Wolf Rayet nebula, with western section most pronounced, extended north and around to the east, with a cavity between, having a chain of four stars in the middle and showing some involved nebulosity. Like a very large Crescent Nebula, but sparse on the southeast section. Still, other dim nebulae are throughout the area on the SE side.

Photos 1, 3, and 4 are by Richard Navarrete